Under Topa Inca Yupanqui, the [G 11 / Inca] Empire expanded almost to its furthest extent. Under his campaigns the Inca annexed thousands of square miles of territory, and by 1493 the empire had extended from Quito in today's Ecuador to south of Santiago in modern Chile.
Topa Inca Yupanqui began by subduing the Indians on the eastern slopes of the Andes and then returned to the highlands to defeat the Aymara-speaking tribes - the Pacasa, Omasuyu, Lupaca and Colla. He then went east into what is now Bolivia and added the highlands of this region to the empire. The inhabitants of northern Chile as far as the Maule river were subdued next, setting the southernmost limit of the empire at the modern town of Constitucion.
The Inca were prevented from advancing any further by the tough Araucanian Indians (who in fact did not completely surrender to the Spanish until 1883).
